{"id":1968,"date":"2021-02-09T19:30:12","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T19:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/?p=1968"},"modified":"2022-06-15T22:49:56","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T21:49:56","slug":"farming-and-wildlife-a-talk-by-nicholas-watts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/news-blogs\/blog\/farming-and-wildlife-a-talk-by-nicholas-watts\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;Farming and wildlife&#8217;, a talk by Nicholas Watts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicholas has farmed at Vine House Farm in the Fens since 1964. In 1982 he started an annual breeding bird survey on the farm. By 1992 significant declines were apparent with corn bunting territories down from 12 to one and skylarks from 30 to 14. However, the downward trend had started much earlier. In the 1960s just one herbicide was applied to a wheat crop while by the 1990s herbicides, fungicides and insecticides were all being applied several times a season. In the 1950s there were many pig and cattle yards supplying manure to spread on the fields and attracting large flocks of birds and also flies which in turn attracted swallows. Then in the 1960s potash, nitrogen and other fertilisers came on the market and cattle yards disappeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1992 Nicholas started feeding birds on the farm and was amazed by the response. He organised an open day and 70 people attended. Some wanted to buy his bird food. He organised a second open day the following year and again sold bird food. This is how Vine House Bird Foods came into being. It is now a big business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The birds were coming to the food Nicholas provided because there were no weeds on the farm resulting in a lack of natural food and none of the insects that weeds would support. He converted part of the farm to organic production and is now taking steps to look after the soil. Power harrows make a good tilth but thrash the soil, killing insects and many earthworms which are necessary for a healthy soil. He switched to direct drilling. He also sows a catch crop after the main crop. It does not produce income but stops soil blow and if the plants have good tap roots they improve the drainage. Wildlife has benefitted with earthworms and soil invertebrates increasing. Lapwings feed on soil invertebrates and there are now 45 pairs nesting on the farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Nicholas was a boy many people helped with the threshing and grain was spilt. With the advent of ever larger combine harvesters there is no waste. Wheat and barley used to be stored in open sheds. House sparrows popped in and out at will. Then legislation required storage sheds to be bird-proof as people did not want droppings in their bread. Potatoes were hand-picked and riddled with any rotten ones cast aside and eaten by ducks and crows. Now a potato picker is used and they are all stored indoors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">House sparrows, yellowhammer, sedge warbler and grey partridge are amongst the farmland species which have declined significantly. All require insects during the breeding season. On the other hand wood pigeons have increased. They feed their young on pigeon milk and eat no insects. Released reared pheasants are not savvy and many get run over providing easy food for foxes, buzzards and corvids allowing them to increase in numbers to the detriment of ground nesting birds. Oilseed rape is the best crop for nesting birds while vining peas (peas for freezing) and grass for silage are the worst as they are harvested while the birds are still nesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicholas has planted a spinney, he has 6 metre wide field margins, a 20 metre wide flower meadow to encourage more insects and he grows wild bird cover crops. He considers Skylark Plots one of the best options in the Countryside Stewardship Scheme. He has planted hedges with some 10 species including hawthorn, dog rose, dogwood and guelder rose so that there are flowers all through the summer. Ivy provides nectar-giving flowers in the autumn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a shortage of buildings for nesting barn owls in the Fens and Nicholas has arranged for barn owl towers to be put up. During one breeding season one had a mallard nesting in the bottom, the ducklings tumbling out in March, with stock dove, kestrel and jackdaw in addition to the barn owl at higher levels. He has had spectacular success with tree sparrow feeders and nest boxes. One photo showed two rows of long seed feeders with every perch occupied by a tree sparrow and many more feeding on the ground below. There has also been a significant increase in the number of breeding linnets which nest semi-colonially. It is more difficult to increase the number of territorial species such as yellowhammers and corn buntings. Nicholas&#8217; irrigation reservoir has an island providing a nest site for up to 80 pairs of common terns and in his garden he has many flowering plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Nicholas became a member of the Local Drainage Board, he questioned whether it was necessary to mow the drains twice a year. Mowing was reduced to once a year and now just one side is mown each year so there is always some good cover. Other Drainage Boards have followed suit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This was a most stimulating talk showing just what can be achieved when a farm is farmed sympathetically for wildlife. We thank Nicholas for a very enjoyable evening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Helen Baker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/81\/2022\/05\/barn-owl-Dave-Braddock-rspb-images.com_.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/81\/2022\/05\/barn-owl-Dave-Braddock-rspb-images.com_.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/81\/2022\/05\/barn-owl-Dave-Braddock-rspb-images.com_-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/81\/2022\/05\/barn-owl-Dave-Braddock-rspb-images.com_-768x614.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Barn owl, Dave Braddock (rspb-images.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nicholas has farmed at Vine House Farm in the Fens since 1964. In 1982 he started an annual breeding bird survey on the farm. By 1992 significant declines were apparent with corn bunting territories down from 12 to one and skylarks from 30 to 14. However, the downward trend had started much earlier. In the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":1969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-talks"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&#039;Farming and wildlife&#039;, a talk by Nicholas Watts - Exeter &amp; District Local Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&#039;Farming and wildlife&#039;, a talk by Nicholas Watts Exeter &amp; District Local Group - Vine House Farm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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