{"id":1828,"date":"2022-01-26T19:30:51","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T19:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/?p=1828"},"modified":"2022-06-24T16:00:10","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T15:00:10","slug":"saving-a-species-from-extinction-in-the-uk-the-black-tailed-godwit-a-talk-by-dr-jen-smart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/group.rspb.org.uk\/exeter\/news-blogs\/blog\/saving-a-species-from-extinction-in-the-uk-the-black-tailed-godwit-a-talk-by-dr-jen-smart\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Saving a species from extinction in the UK: the black-tailed godwit’, a talk by Dr Jen Smart"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

For most of her time at the RSPB, Jen has worked in Conservation Science. Until recently she was trying to find ways to reverse the population declines of waders breeding in wetlands. A search of the literature showed that the main problem they face is predation by badger, corvids, hedgehog, fox and stoat. There is little data on mammal populations but the UK has a high density of mammalian predators. Factors contributing to high predation include:

\u2022 our man-made landscape (eg tree plantations in the Flow Country hold six times the number of predators found on open bog and it takes some ten years for predator numbers to fall after the trees have been removed);
\u2022 a big reduction in the number of gamekeepers who now spend more time rearing birds than managing predators;
\u2022 the vast numbers of gamebirds released into the wild providing food for foxes, a subject needing proper study;
\u2022 nature reserves becoming food hot spots for predators;
\u2022 the introduction of non-native predators such as mink;
\u2022 the loss of our top predators;
\u2022 the increase in raptor numbers leading to one species of conservation concern eating another.

Thousands of wader nests have been monitored. 79% of destroyed nests were predated at night so mammals were responsible. Cameras indicated about 70% were taken by foxes and 10% by badgers. Sometimes the species could not be identified. It was much more difficult to determine the species taking the very mobile chicks but some chicks had radio-trackers attached. Of these 37% just disappeared, 27% were taken by avian predators (mostly raptors, occasionally herons but not crows or gulls) and 37% by mammals (mostly foxes but sometimes stoats and weasels). To sum up, foxes were the main problem at the nest stage and raptors and foxes at the chick stage. So, Jen asked, what solutions were available? She suggested that it was important to consider:

\u2022 whether the habitat was optimal for waders and what habitat the predators were occupying;
\u2022 what other food was available for the predators to eat;
\u2022 whether sufficient alternative food was available.

Fencing could be installed to exclude mammals from prime nesting sites, head-starting could increase the number of juveniles produced and legal predator control of mammals could be used as a last resort.
Jen then showed how the RSPB had used an evidence-based approach to try to save the black-tailed godwit from extinction as a breeding species in the UK. In 2017 there were 44 nesting pairs, mostly in the Fens. Historically the Ouse Washes was the main area with some 60 pairs in the mid-1970s. Later, frequent flooding forced them to nest in arable fields where nests invariably failed. The RSPB bought land in the Nene Washes and created suitable habitat and numbers increased till about 2006 but then declined. When this became apparent the RSPB started a study to determine the causes. Between the late 1990s and 2017 adult survival remained constant but nest and particularly chick survival dropped. Predation was the problem with fox, badger, stoat, marsh harrier and red kite the predators. Funding was obtained for Project Godwit, designed to tackle the causes of the decline and boost the population. The RSPB introduced:

\u2022 diversionary feeding of red kites;
\u2022 legal control of foxes;
\u2022 fencing;
\u2022 temporary electric fencing round the key godwit sites.

This resulted in fewer years with very low productivity but productivity remained disappointingly low.
This is when head-starting was tried. Early eggs were collected, leaving the parents time to lay another clutch. The eggs were kept in incubators and after hatching the young were reared to fledging and then released. This has resulted in a massive increase in breeding success. The head-started birds tend to return to their release site to breed so they can be introduced to new sites. All the birds have been colour marked and many are returning to breed. The decline on the Nene Washes has stabilised and the population on the Ouse Washes is back to where it was 30 years ago. But the problem of predation has still to be resolved.

In response to questions Jen said that hedgehogs were a problem on Uist where an introduced population was predating the globally important breeding waders. The RSPB hoped to get funding for further work on Black-tailed Godwits.

We thank Jen for a very interesting talk, giving us an insight into how the RSPB uses an evidence-based approach when attempting to reverse declines in breeding species and showing how effective head-starting can be.

Helen Baker<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Black-tailed godwit, Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For most of her time at the RSPB, Jen has worked in Conservation Science. Until recently she was trying to find ways to reverse the population declines of waders breeding in wetlands. A search of the literature showed that the main problem they face is predation by badger, corvids, hedgehog, fox and stoat. There is…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[36,28],"class_list":["post-1828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-talks","tag-rspb","tag-talk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n'Saving a species from extinction in the UK: the black-tailed godwit', a talk by Dr Jen Smart - Exeter & District Local Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"'Saving a species from extinction in the UK: the black-tailed godwit', a talk by Dr Jen Smart Conservation, godwit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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